The transformation of Personalized and Precision Medicine (PPM) as a unique healthcare model for infectious diseases monitoring & management

A new and upgraded approach to the diseased states and wellness, and to re-shape tomorrow’s healthcare whilst doing it today, resulted in a new global trend in the healthcare services, namely, Personalized and Precision Medicine (PPM). PPM as a Unique Entity demonstrating an integration of Fundamental, Healthcare & Life Scienc-es, Biodesign-driven BioTech, Translational ART and IT Armamentarium, is based on the new developmental strategy driven by Biomarkers- and Biotargeting-related biomachines. So, it would be extremely useful to integrate data harvesting from different databanks for applications such as pre-early predictive diagnostics, precise prognosti-cation and personalization of further treatment to thus provide more tailored measures for the diseases bodies and persons-at-risk resulting in improved outcomes and more cost effective use of the latest health care resources. PPM as being the Grand Challenge to forecast, to predict and to prevent is rooted in a big and a new SCIENCE generated by the achievements of (i) Systems & Synthetic Biology; (ii) Biodesign-driven Translational applications and Biotech-driven Biomanufacturing; (iii) Bioindustry and Biomarketing of the next step generation. The latter, being a Grand Brick laid into the frame of National Bioeconomy, says and confirms that the efficiency and efficacy of the Bioeconomy are determined and dictated by the innovative trends,generated by fresh knowledge and their transfer into the scientific, bioindustrial and social areas to maintain the national stability and extensive development of the country.

The importance of PPM in the healthcare management of several diseases is well-documented. And advances in genomics and computing are transforming the capacity for the characterization of biological systems, and research-ers are now poised for a precision-focused transformation in the way they prepare for, and respond to, infectious diseases. But still, very little is known about the role of precision genomics and immunogenetics in susceptibility or resistance to infectious diseases. And despite being a forerunner, PPM is not yet routinely applied in infectious pa-tient care.

Meanwhile, new technologies are supporting the rapid identification of infective agents and targeted approaches based on the genetic resistance of pathogens to antibiotics. For instance, recent technological advances have ena-bled the development of antimicrobials that can selectively target a gene, a cellular process, or a microbe of choice. These strategies bring us a step closer to developing personalized therapies that exclusively remove disease-causing infectious agents. This information can lead to revising the data banks that can be used for personalized predicting diseases, improving PPM-driven treatment, and also personalized prevention strategies specific to infectious patho-gens.

PPM-driven management of infectious diseases plays a critical role in trust for government, health-care organizations, science, and pharma. The improvement in biomedical technologies, availability of large clinical and OMICS data and appropriate application of applied bioinformatics-related algorithms may allow precision in vaccines and public health and restore trust. For this scope, the next step education is a crucial step for the successful implemen-tation of PPM in the clinic, and with this part, we would like to encourage learning about PPM and the impact in the communicable (including infectious) disease field.

Infectious disease management essentially consists in identifying the microbial cause(s) of an infection, initiating if necessary antimicrobial therapy against microbes, and controlling host reactions to infection. In canonical (PPM-ignored) clinical microbiology, the turnaround time of the diagnostic cycle (>24 hours) often leads to unnecessary suffering and deaths; approaches to relieve this burden include rapid diagnostic procedures and more efficient transmission or interpretation of molecular microbiology results. While genomics-supported PPM generally aims at interrogating the genomic information of a patient, drug metabolism polymorphisms, for example, to guide drug choice and dosage, PPM concepts are applicable in infectious diseases for the rapid identification of a disease-causing microbe and determination of its antimicrobial resistance profile, to guide an appropriate antimicrobial treatment for the proper management of the patient and, in particular, for persons-at-risk. The implementation of point-of-care testing for infectious diseases will require acceptance by medical authorities, new technological and communication platforms, as well as reimbursement practices such that time- and life-saving procedures become available to the largest number of patients.

PPM has indeed arrived for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. More than that, it has arrived once and for all in the areas of clinical microbiology, molecular epidemiology and many other areas. With the current capabilities, cost, and speed of sequencing technologies, the field has finally reached a point where rapid genomic surveillance and analysis can start to become a standard part of the response to infectious disease outbreaks. Just as broadscale human genome sequencing revolutionized the treatment of many noncommunicable diseases, pathogen genome data are poised to drive a similar revolution in the response to infectious diseases.

Sergey Suchkov was born in the City of Astrakhan, Russia, in a family of dynasty medical doctors. In 1980, graduated from Astrakhan State Medical University and was awarded with MD. In 1985, Suchkov maintained his PhD as a PhD student of Sechenov University and Institute of Medical En-zymology. In 2001, Suchkov maintained his Doctor Degree at the National Institute of Immunology, Russia. From 1989 through 1995, a Head of the Lab of Clinical Immunology, Helmholtz Eye Re-search Institute in Moscow. From 1995 through 2004 - a Chair of the Dept for Clinical Immunology, Moscow Clinical Research Institute (MONIKI). In 1993-1996. At present, Dr Sergey Suchkov, MD, PhD, is: Vice-Director for Research and Development of the National Center for Human Photosynthesis,    Aguascalientes, México. Member of the New York Academy of Sciences, USA; Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Russia; American Chemical Society (ACS), USA; American Heart Association (AHA), USA; Euro-pean Association for Medical Education (AMEE), Dundee, UK; EPMA (European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalized Medicine), Brussels, EU; ARVO (American Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology); ISER (International Society for Eye Research); Personalized Medicine Coalition (PMC), Washington, DC, USA.