Neuroimmunology investigates the dynamic interactions between the nervous system and the immune system, revealing how neural activity shapes immune responses and how immune signals influence brain function. Long regarded as separate domains, neuroscience and immunology are now understood to be tightly interconnected through shared signaling pathways, cellular interfaces, and systemic regulation. This session explores how neuroimmune communication governs health, disease susceptibility, and recovery across the lifespan.

Neural tissues were once thought to be immunologically isolated, but research has demonstrated continuous dialogue between neurons, glial cells, and immune components. Microglia, astrocytes, peripheral immune cells, and soluble mediators contribute to immune surveillance and tissue homeostasis within the central nervous system. These discoveries are frequently discussed at leading Immunology Conferences, where investigators examine how immune activation affects cognition, behavior, and neurological integrity. This session highlights how neuroimmune signaling reframes understanding of inflammation, protection, and repair in neural environments.

A core focus of this session is immune–brain interaction, which encompasses bidirectional signaling via cytokines, neurotransmitters, and neural circuits. Immune challenges can alter neural plasticity, while neural activity modulates immune cell trafficking and function. This session examines how stress, infection, and injury influence neuroimmune balance, and how dysregulation contributes to neurological and psychiatric conditions. Emphasis is placed on mechanisms that maintain equilibrium and enable recovery following immune or neural insult.

Neuroimmunology also informs translational research aimed at developing interventions that modulate immune responses without compromising neural function. Understanding timing, localization, and intensity of immune activity is essential for therapeutic precision. The session addresses emerging approaches that target neuroimmune pathways, alongside challenges such as blood–brain barrier dynamics and regional immune heterogeneity. Ethical considerations and long-term safety are discussed as neuroimmune modulation becomes increasingly feasible.

Participants engaging with this session will gain insight into how immune processes shape neural health and disease trajectories. By integrating molecular mechanisms with systems-level perspectives, this session provides a comprehensive view of neuroimmunology as a bridge between brain science and immune regulation.